Catalysis is a foundational pillar in green chemistry. A catalyst is a substance which influences a reaction (i.e. rate of reaction or outcome), but is not itself consumed by the reaction. For example, nickel is used as a catalyst in the hydrogenation reaction which is used with fats and oils.

The use of a catalytic reaction results in less energy usage, potentially less raw materials requirement, less by-product waste and the need for simpler plant and equipment. However, as fossil fuels and metals and minerals are becoming increasingly less available, the chemical industry in particular is seeking to use alternative methods and enzymes are the most promising green catalyst to bring about the change in reducing hazardous waste.

As certain chemical production within the industry progressively utilises catalysis, an emphasis towards the use of chemo-enzymatic and bio-catalysis can redirect the reduction in risk to the environment whilst maintaining commercial return and product delivery.